M'mafakitale ambiri monga kupanga mabatire a lithiamu, kukonza mankhwala, ndi kupanga chakudya, mapampu a vacuum ndi zida zofunika kwambiri. Komabe, njira zamafakitalezi nthawi zambiri zimatulutsa mpweya womwe ungawononge zida za vacuum pump. Mipweya ya asidi monga nthunzi wa acetic acid, nitric oxide, sulfure dioxide, ndi mpweya wa alkaline monga ammonia amapezeka kawirikawiri m'madera ena opangira. Zinthu zowononga izi zimatha kuwononga mbali zamkati za mapampu a vacuum, kusokoneza moyo wautali wa zida komanso magwiridwe antchito. Izi sizimangosokoneza kukhazikika kwa kupanga komanso kumawonjezera kwambiri kukonza ndi kubweza ndalama. Chifukwa chake, kusefa kogwira mtima kwa mipweya iyi kumayimira vuto lalikulu pantchito zamafakitale.
Standardzinthu zosefera zoloweraamapangidwa kuti atseke tinthu zolimba ndikuwonetsetsa kuti sizokwanira kunyamula mpweya wa acidic kapena alkaline. Kuphatikiza apo, zosefera wamba zimatha kudwala dzimbiri zikakumana ndi mankhwala oopsawa. Kuti muwongolere bwino mpweya wowononga, ma filters apadera olimbana ndi dzimbiri ndi zinthu zosefera zopangidwa mwamakonda ndizofunikira. Zinthu zapaderazi zimagwiritsa ntchito kusintha kwa mankhwala kuti zisinthe mpweya wa acidic kapena alkaline kukhala zinthu zopanda vuto, kukwaniritsa kusefa kwenikweni kwa gasi m'malo mongolekanitsa ndi makina osavuta.
Pazovuta za gasi wa acidic, zosefera zokhala ndi zinthu zamchere monga calcium carbonate kapena magnesium hydroxide zimatha kusokoneza zinthu za acidic pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala. Mofananamo, mpweya wa alkaline monga ammonia umafunika kuti asidi-impregnated media okhala ndi asidi phosphoric kapena citric acid kuti neutralization ogwira. Kusankhidwa kwa chemistry yoyenera ya neutralization kumadalira momwe gasi amapangidwira, ndende, ndi momwe amagwirira ntchito.
Kukhazikitsa zosefera zapadera zapampu za vacuum zomwe zimakumana ndi acidic kapena mpweya wa alkaline kumapereka yankho lamphamvu ku vuto lomwe likupitilira la mafakitale. Njirayi sikuti imangoteteza zida zamtengo wapatali ndikuwonjezera moyo wautumiki komanso imathandizira chitetezo chokwanira komanso kudalirika. Kusankhidwa koyenera ndi kukonza izi mwapaderamachitidwe osefaikhoza kuchepetsa nthawi yopuma ndi 40% ndikuchepetsa mtengo wokonza ndi pafupifupi 30%, zomwe zikuyimira phindu lalikulu la ndalama zogwirira ntchito zowononga mpweya wowononga.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-24-2025
