Chophimba cha nthunzi, njira yopangira nthunzi yeniyeni (PVD), chimadalira kwambiri ukadaulo wa vacuum. Pampu ya vacuum si chida chothandizira chabe koma ndi mwala wapangodya womwe umathandiza njira yonseyi popanga ndikusunga malo olamulidwa bwino a mamolekyulu. Ntchito yake imapitirira kuposa kuchotsa mpweya wosavuta, kukhazikitsa mikhalidwe yeniyeni yofunikira pakuyika mafilimu opyapyala abwino kwambiri.
Chifukwa chachikulu chofunira vacuum yapamwamba ndikuwonetsetsa kuti tinthu tomwe tatuluka mpweya tikuyenda molunjika. Pakupanikizika kwa mpweya, kuchuluka kwa mamolekyulu a mpweya kumayambitsa kugundana mwachangu komanso mwachisawawa, zomwe zimabalalitsa zinthu zokutira. Pansi pa vacuum yayikulu (nthawi zambiri 10⁻⁴ mpaka 10⁻⁶ mbar), njira yapakati ya maatomu kapena mamolekyu otuluka mpweya imawonjezeka kwambiri mpaka mamita angapo, zomwe zimawalola kuyenda molunjika kuchokera ku gwero kupita ku substrate. Izi zimathandiza kuwongolera molondola makulidwe a filimu, kufanana, ndi kapangidwe kake.
Kuphatikiza apo, malo okhala ndi vacuum yambiri amaletsa okosijeni ndi kuipitsidwa. Zitsulo zambiri (monga aluminiyamu, chromium) ndi mankhwala zimakhala ndi mphamvu kwambiri pa kutentha kwa nthunzi. Kuchotsedwa kwa mpweya wochitapo kanthu monga mpweya ndi nthunzi ya madzi kumatsimikizira kuti zinthuzo zili mu mkhalidwe wawo woyera, wachitsulo, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti zinthu zikwaniritse mawonekedwe enieni a kuwala, magetsi, kapena makina mu utoto womaliza. Malo amenewa amaperekanso malo oyera a atomiki pochotsa zodetsa, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri kuti filimu ikhale yolimba.
Dongosolo la vacuum pump limagwira ntchito ngati mainjiniya wa zachilengedwe. Liyenera kukhazikitsa mwachangu mphamvu yoyambira yofunikira, kusunga bata mwa kuchotsa mpweya wochokera kuzinthu ndi zida zina, ndikusamalira zinthu zina munjira yosinthika. Kukhazikika kumeneku ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti pakhale mtundu wokhazikika wa kupanga zinthu zonse.
Kufunika kwakukulu kwa kusefedwa kumachitika chifukwa choteteza dongosolo lolondola ili. Njira yophikira yokha imatha kupanga tinthu tating'onoting'ono, madontho otayidwa, kapena nthunzi yozungulira. Popanda kutero, njira yoyenera yophikirayi imatha kupangidwa.fyuluta yolowera, zonyansa izi zimatha kubwezeretsedwanso mu pompo ya vacuum. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ma rotor ndi masamba awonongeke kwambiri, kuipitsidwa kwa mafuta a pampu (m'makina otsekedwa ndi mafuta), komanso kuchepa pang'onopang'ono kwa liwiro la kupompa ndi vacuum yomaliza. Pamapeto pake, izi zimasokoneza kukhazikika kwa ntchito, zimafupikitsa moyo wa ntchito ya pampu, ndikuwonjezera ndalama zokonzera. Chifukwa chake, kuyika zosefera zoyenera—monga zosefera za tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ma molecular traps, kapena ma cold traps—si chinthu chosankha koma ndalama zofunika kwambiri poteteza pompo ya vacuum, kuonetsetsa kuti utoto umakhala wabwino nthawi zonse, komanso kuteteza nthawi yopangira.
Mwachidule, mapampu otulutsa mpweya amathandiza kuti pakhale kuphimba kwa nthunzi mwa kupereka malo oyera, osadetsedwa, komanso olamulidwa kuti zinthu zinyamulidwe komanso kuti filimu ipangidwe. Kuphatikiza luso limeneli ndi njira yolimba yosefera ndikofunikira kuti pakhale kupanga filimu yowongoka, yodalirika, komanso yotsika mtengo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-25-2025
