Makampani owumitsa zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba ayamba kukhala gawo lofunika kwambiri pakupanga chakudya chamakono, lodzipereka kusintha zipatso zomwe zimawonongeka kukhala zinthu zokhazikika komanso zopatsa thanzi. Njirayi imaphatikizapo kuchotsa chinyezi kuchokera ku zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zozizira kudzera mu lyophilization - yomwe imadziwika kuti kuuma mufiriji - kuti iwonjezere nthawi yawo yosungira zinthu pamene ikusunga bwino mtundu wawo woyambirira, kukoma, thanzi, ndi kapangidwe kake. Mwa kusunga makhalidwe ofunikira awa, zinthu zouma mufiriji zimakwaniritsa kufunikira kwa ogula komwe kukukula kwa zakudya zosavuta komanso zathanzi, kupeza njira zogwiritsira ntchito mu zokhwasula-khwasula, chakudya chokonzeka kudya, zosakaniza za chakudya, ndi zinthu zofufuzira malo.
Pakati pa ndondomeko yowumitsa ndi kuzizira pali ukadaulo wa vacuum. Njirayi imayamba ndi kuzizira mofulumira zipatso zatsopano kuti ziume bwino kukhala ma kristalo a ayezi. Kenako zinthu zozizirazo zimasamutsidwira ku chipinda chotsukira. Apa, pampu yotsukira imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri: imachotsa mpweya ndi mpweya kuti ipange ndikusunga malo otayira kwambiri. Pansi pa mkhalidwe wochepa wolamulidwa mosamala uwu, mfundo ya sublimation imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ma kristalo a ayezi omwe ali mkati mwa chakudya sasungunuka kukhala madzi amadzimadzi koma amasintha mwachindunji kuchokera ku mkhalidwe wawo wolimba kupita ku nthunzi yamadzi. Kusintha kwachindunji kumeneku ndikofunikira kwambiri. Chifukwa madzi amachotsedwa mu nthunzi popanda kudutsa mu gawo lamadzimadzi, amaletsa kusamuka kwa michere yosungunuka, amachepetsa kugwa kwa kapangidwe kake, ndikupewa kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika nthawi zambiri pakuuma kwachikhalidwe. Chifukwa chake, kapangidwe ka maselo a zipatso kapena ndiwo zamasamba kamakhalabe kolimba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chinthu chomaliza chokhala ndi machubu, chopepuka chomwe chimabwezeretsanso madzi mosavuta.
Kuchita bwino ndi kupambana kwa gawo la sublimation kumadalira kwambiri magwiridwe antchito ndi kudalirika kwa dongosolo la vacuum. Pampu ya vacuum iyenera kukwaniritsa ndikusunga mulingo wofunikira wa kupanikizika—nthawi zambiri pakati pa 0.1 ndi 1 mbar—bwino kwambiri pa sublimation ya ayezi pa kutentha kochepa. Kupatuka kulikonse kapena kusakhazikika kwa mulingo wa vacuum uwu kungasokoneze kayendedwe ka sublimation, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuyanika kosagwirizana, nthawi yayitali yozungulira, kapena kusungunuka pang'ono, zomwe zimawononga umphumphu wa chinthucho.
Komabe, malo ogwirira ntchito amabweretsa mavuto akulu pa pampu ya vacuum. Nthunzi yambiri yamadzi yomwe imapangidwa panthawi ya sublimation ndiyo chinthu chachikulu chomwe chimachotsedwa ndi pampu. Ngati nthunzi iyi ilowa mwachindunji mu pampu, imatha kusungunuka mkati, kusakaniza ndi mafuta a pampu (mu mitundu yothira mafuta) kuti ipange ma emulsions omwe amawononga mafuta, kuyambitsa dzimbiri, ndikufulumizitsa kuwonongeka. Mu makina ouma a pampu, chinyezi chochuluka chingayambitse dzimbiri mkati ndi kusonkhanitsa zinyalala. Kuphatikiza apo, njirayi ikhoza kuyambitsa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kapena ma trace volatile organic compounds kuchokera ku zokolola zokha, zomwe zimatha kuipitsa ndikuwononga zigawo zamkati zomwe zimakhala zovuta monga ma rotor, vanes, ndi ma bearing. Kuipitsa kotereku sikungowononga magwiridwe antchito a pampu - zomwe zimapangitsa kuti vacuum ichepe, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zambiri, komanso kutentha kwambiri - komanso kumabweretsa chiopsezo chachindunji ku chitetezo cha chinthu ndi mtundu wake. Zoipitsa zomwe zimabwerera kuchokera ku pampu yofooka kupita ku chipinda chogwirira ntchito ndizovuta kwambiri.
Chifukwa chake, kuphatikiza njira yolimba yosefera ndi kulekanitsa sikuti kungowonjezera chabe koma ndikofunikira kwambiri pa ntchito yodalirika yowumitsa ndi kuzizira. Fyuluta ya pampu ya vacuum yodziwika bwino, yomwe nthawi zambiri imayikidwa pamalo olowera pampu, imagwira ntchito ngati chotchinga choteteza. Mayankho amakono osefera a ntchitoyi nthawi zambiri amaphatikiza ukadaulo wosiyanasiyana: acholekanitsa mpweya ndi madzikugwira ndi kulimbitsa nthunzi ya madzi isanafike pa mpope;fyuluta yolowerakuchotsa zingwe zolimba; ndipo nthawi zina chotsukira mankhwala (monga bedi la kaboni lokonzedwa) kuti chigwire mafuta kapena zinthu zowononga zachilengedwe. Pa mapampu otsekedwa ndi mafuta,fyuluta yotulutsa utsindikofunikiranso kuchotsa utsi wa mafuta mu utsi, kuonetsetsa kuti chilengedwe chikutsatira malamulo komanso chitetezo kuntchito.
Chitetezo chokwanira ichi chimabweretsa zabwino zambiri. Chimawonjezera nthawi yosamalira ndi moyo wa ntchito ya pompo yopumira mpweya, kuchepetsa mtengo wonse wa umwini. Chimatsimikizira kuti pompo yopumira mpweya imagwira ntchito bwino nthawi zonse kuti iume bwino komanso moyenera. Chofunika kwambiri, chimagwira ntchito ngati malo ofunikira kwambiri owongolera ubwino ndi chitetezo cha zinthu, kupewa kuipitsidwa ndi kuipitsidwa ndi zipatso ndi ndiwo zamasamba zouma zouma. Poteteza pompo yopumira mpweya ku zovuta, fyuluta imateteza ukadaulo wouma mpweya, zomwe zimathandiza opanga kupereka zinthu zabwino kwambiri modalirika komanso moyenera.
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-08-2026
