M'dziko lopanga mwatsatanetsatane, kukhulupirika kwa zigawo zazitsulo ndizofunikira kwambiri. Ngakhale magawo opangidwa mwaluso kwambiri, makamaka omwe amapangidwa kudzera m'mafa kapena zitsulo zamafuta, amatha kudwala ndi cholakwika chobisika: micro-porosity. Ma pores ang'onoang'ono awa ndi ming'alu mkati mwazinthu zimatha kubweretsa kulephera kowopsa, zomwe zimapangitsa kutayikira mopanikizika, kuwononga zomaliza, komanso kusokoneza mphamvu zamapangidwe. Apa ndipamene kulowetsedwa kwa vacuum kumawonekera ngati njira yovuta komanso yovuta kwambiri yosindikiza.
Pachimake chake, vacuum impregnation ndi njira yolimba ya magawo atatu yopangidwira kuthetsa porosity. Gawo loyamba limaphatikizapo kuyika zigawozo m'chipinda chotsekedwa chotsekedwa. Pampu yamphamvu yotsekera imatulutsa mpweya wonse m'chipindacho, ndikumakoka mpweya womwe uli mkati mwa pores. Sitepe yofunikayi imapangitsa malo opanda kanthu, okonzeka kudzazidwa.
Gawo lachiwiri limayamba ndikukhazikitsa chosindikizira chapadera chamadzimadzi, kapena utomoni wa impregnation, m'chipindacho pomwe vacuum ikusungidwa. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa vacuum mkati mwa pores ndi mlengalenga pamwamba pa madziwo kumapangitsa kuti utomoni ukhale wozama munjira iliyonse yotayikira, kuwonetsetsa kulowa kwathunthu. Pomaliza, vacuum imatulutsidwa, ndipo mbali zake zimachapidwa. Njira yochiritsa, nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha kutentha, kenako imalimbitsa utomoni mkati mwa pores, ndikupanga chisindikizo cholimba, chotsimikizira kutayikira.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo uwu ndikwambiri komanso kofunikira. M'mafakitale amagalimoto ndi ndege, imasindikiza midadada ya injini, nyumba zotumizira, ndi ma hydraulic manifolds, kuwonetsetsa kuti atha kupirira kupsinjika kwakukulu popanda kutulutsa madzi. Kuphatikiza apo, ndizofunikira pakumaliza kwapamwamba kwambiri. Popanda kulowetsedwa, zamadzimadzi zochokera ku plating kapena kupenta zimatha kutsekeka mu pores, pambuyo pake kukulitsa ndikupangitsa matuza kapena "mapopu opaka." Posindikiza gawo laling'ono, opanga amapeza zokutira zopanda cholakwika, zolimba pazinthu zogula monga ma faucets ndi zida zamagetsi.
Chinthu chovuta, chosakambitsirana chogwiritsira ntchito makina otsekemera a vacuum ndikuyika kusefa koyenera. Izi ndizofunikira pawiri. Choyamba, utomoni wa impregnation wokha uyenera kukhala woyera kwambiri. Kuipitsidwa kwa tinthu ting'onoting'ono kumatha kutseka pores omwe ndondomekoyo ikufuna kudzaza. Chifukwa chake, zosefera zapamzere, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito makatiriji osefera a polypropylene okhala ndi ma 1 mpaka 25 ma microns, amayikidwa mu loop yozungulira utomoni kuti achotse ma gels kapena tinthu takunja.
Kachiwiri, komanso chofunikira kwambiri, ndikuteteza pampu ya vacuum. Malo otsekemera amatha kutulutsa zosungunulira zosasunthika kuchokera mu utomoni kapena kupangitsa kuti madontho amphindi amadzimadzi asungunuke. Popanda zokwanirafyuluta yolowera, zonyansazi zikanalowetsedwa mwachindunji mu dongosolo la mafuta la mpope. Izi zimabweretsa kuthamangitsidwa kwamafuta mwachangu, kuwonongeka, komanso kuvala kwa abrasive pazigawo zamkati, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale nthawi yotsika mtengo, kusintha kwamafuta pafupipafupi, komanso kulephera kwapampu msanga. Chosefera chovundikira chosamalidwa bwino chimagwira ntchito ngati choyang'anira, kuwonetsetsa kuti pampuyo imakhala ndi moyo wautali komanso kuti makinawo azigwira ntchito mosasinthasintha.
Pomaliza, vacuum impregnation ndi zambiri kuposa njira yosavuta yosindikiza; ndi sitepe yotsimikizika yofunikira yomwe imakulitsa magwiridwe antchito, kudalirika, ndi kukongola. Pomvetsetsa ndikuwongolera mosamalitsa njirayo, kuphatikiza kuyika kofunikira kwa utomoni ndizosefera pampu vacuum-opanga amatha kupereka zinthu zomwe zimakwaniritsa miyezo yapamwamba kwambiri komanso yolimba.
Nthawi yotumiza: Nov-24-2025
