Gusiga umwuka uva mu kirere, uburyo bwo gushyira umwuka mu kirere (PVD), bushingiye cyane cyane ku ikoranabuhanga rya vacuum. Pompe ya vacuum si igikoresho cy'inyongera gusa ahubwo ni inkingi y'ingenzi ituma igikorwa cyose gikorwa binyuze mu guhanga no kubungabunga ibidukikije bigenzurwa cyane. Imikorere yayo irenze kure gukuraho umwuka woroshye, ishyiraho imiterere nyayo ikenewe kugira ngo hashyirwemo filime nziza kandi zikora neza.
Impamvu y'ingenzi yo gusaba umwuka mwinshi ni ukugira ngo ibice byavuye mu mwuka bigende neza. Mu gihe cy'umuvuduko w'ikirere, ubucucike bwinshi bwa molekile za gaze butera impanuka zihuse kandi zitunguranye, bigakwirakwiza ibikoresho byo gutwikira. Mu gihe cy'umwuka mwinshi (ubusanzwe kuva kuri 10⁻⁴ kugeza kuri 10⁻⁶ mbar), inzira y'ikigereranyo y'atomu cyangwa molekile zavuye mu mwuka yiyongera cyane kugeza kuri metero nyinshi, bigatuma zigenda mu buryo butaziguye ziva ku isoko zijya ku gice cy'ubutaka. Ibi bituma habaho kugenzura neza ubugari bwa firime, imiterere ihuye, n'imiterere yayo.
Byongeye kandi, ahantu hafite umwuka mwinshi birinda ogisijeni n'ubwandu. Ibyuma byinshi (urugero: aluminiyumu, chromium) n'ibindi binyabutabire birakora cyane iyo ubushyuhe bw'umwuka buturutse mu kirere. Kuba hafi yo gukuraho imyuka ikoresha umwuka nk'umwuka wa ogisijeni n'umwuka w'amazi bituma ibikoresho byinjira mu buryo bwabyo bw'icyuma, ibyo bikaba ari ingenzi cyane kugira ngo hagerwe ku miterere yihariye y'izuba, amashanyarazi, cyangwa mekanike mu gipfundikizo cya nyuma. Iki gikoresho kandi gitanga ubuso bw'ubutaka busukuye mu buryo bwa atome binyuze mu gukuraho imyanda, ibyo bikaba ari ingenzi cyane kugira ngo filime ifatanye neza.
Sisitemu ya pompe ikoresha umwuka ikora nk'umuhanga mu by'ibidukikije. Igomba gushyiraho vuba umuvuduko w'ibanze ukenewe, igakomeza kudatezuka binyuze mu gukuraho imyuka iva mu bikoresho n'ibikoresho, kandi igafata ibicuruzwa bivamo mu buryo buhindagurika. Uku kudahungabana ni ingenzi kugira ngo umusaruro urusheho kuba mwiza.
Gukenera gushungura bituruka ku kurinda ubu buryo bunoze. Uburyo bwo gusiga ubwabwo bushobora gukora uduce duto tw’ibintu, ibitonyanga byasutswe, cyangwa umwuka uhumeka.akayunguruzo k'ubwinjiriro, ibi bihumanya bishobora gusubizwa mu ipompo ikoresha umwuka. Ibi bituma rotor n'ibyuma byangirika, kwanduza amavuta ya pompe (muri sisitemu zifunze amavuta), no kwangirika buhoro buhoro k'umuvuduko wo kuvoma no kuvanga umwuka mu buryo burambye. Amaherezo, ibi bigabanya ubushobozi bwo gukora, bigabanya igihe cyo gukora pompe, kandi byongera ikiguzi cyo kuyitunganya. Kubwibyo, gushyiraho filters zikwiye—nk'udufunguzo tw'udusimba, udupfundikizo twa molekile, cyangwa udupfundikizo dukonje—si amahitamo ahubwo ni ishoramari rikomeye mu kurinda pompe ikoresha umwuka, kwemeza ko irangi rihoraho, no kurinda igihe cyo gukora.
Muri rusange, pompe zikoresha umwuka zituma habaho gutwikira amazi binyuze mu gutanga ibidukikije bisukuye, bitanduye, kandi bigenzurwa kugira ngo ibikoresho bikoreshwe kandi bikoreshwe mu buryo bwa firime. Guhuza ubu bushobozi n'ingamba zikomeye zo kuyungurura ni ingenzi kugira ngo hagerwe ku gukora firime nto yizewe, ikora neza kandi ihendutse.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-25-2025
