Ishishini lokomisa iziqhamo nemifuno livele njengecandelo elibalulekileyo kwimveliso yokutya yanamhlanje, elizinikele ekuguquleni imveliso ebolayo ibe ziimveliso ezizinzileyo eshelufini, ezixineneyo zezondlo. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukususa umswakama kwiziqhamo nemifuno ekhenkcezisiweyo ngokusebenzisa i-lyophilization—eyaziwa ngokuba yi-freeze-drying—ukwandisa ubomi bayo beshelufu ngelixa igcina ngononophelo umbala wayo wokuqala, incasa, iprofayili yesondlo, kunye nolwakhiwo lomzimba. Ngokugcina ezi mpawu zibalulekileyo, iimveliso ezomileyo ekhenkcezisiweyo ziyahlangabezana neemfuno ezikhulayo zabathengi zokutya okulula kodwa okunempilo, ukufumana usetyenziso kwizidlo ezikhawulezayo, ukutya okulungele ukutyiwa, izithako zokutya, kunye nezibonelelo zokuhlola indawo.
Eyona nto iphambili kwinkqubo yokomisa ngokukhenkceza kukho ubuchwepheshe bokukhenkceza. Le nkqubo iqala ngokukhenkceza ngokukhawuleza imveliso entsha ukuze iqine umxholo wayo wamanzi ube ziikristale zomkhenkce. Izinto ezikhenkcezisiweyo emva koko zidluliselwa kwigumbi lokukhenkceza. Apha, ipompo yokukhenkceza idlala indima yayo ebalulekileyo: ikhupha umoya kunye neegesi ukuze idale kwaye igcine imeko-bume enzulu yokukhenkceza. Phantsi kwale meko yoxinzelelo oluphantsi elawulwa ngononophelo, umgaqo we-sublimation uyasetyenziswa. Iikristale zomkhenkce ezikukutya azinyibiliki zibe ngamanzi amdaka kodwa ziguquka ngokuthe ngqo ukusuka kwimeko yazo eqinileyo ziye kumphunga wamanzi. Olu tshintsho lwesigaba ngqo lubalulekile. Ngenxa yokuba amanzi asuswa kwimo yomkhenkce ngaphandle kokudlula kwisigaba solwelo, athintela ukufuduka kwezondlo ezinyibilikayo, anciphise ukuwohloka kwesakhiwo, kwaye aphephe iimpendulo zokuwohloka ezihlala zenzeka ngexesha lokomiswa okuqhelekileyo kobushushu. Ngenxa yoko, uyilo lweseli lwesiqhamo okanye imifuno luhlala luqinile, lukhokelela kwimveliso yokugqibela enemingxuma, elula ephinda ifumane amanzi kwakhona.
Ukusebenza kakuhle nempumelelo yale nqanaba lokunyibilikisa i-sublimation kuxhomekeke kakhulu ekusebenzeni nasekuthembekeni kwenkqubo yokunyibilikisa i-vacuum. Ipompo yokunyibilikisa i-vacuum kufuneka ifikelele kwaye igcine uluhlu oluthile loxinzelelo—ngesiqhelo phakathi kwe-0.1 kunye ne-1 mbar—eyona ifanelekileyo kwi-ice sublimation kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi. Nakuphi na ukuphambuka okanye ukungazinzi kweli nqanaba lokunyibilikisa i-vacuum kunokuphazamisa i-sublimation kinetics, okukhokelela ekomeni okungalinganiyo, amaxesha omjikelo amade, okanye nokunyibilika okungaphelelanga, okubeka emngciphekweni ukuthembeka kwemveliso.
Nangona kunjalo, imeko yokusebenza ibeka imingeni ebalulekileyo kwimpompo ye-vacuum. Ubuninzi bomphunga wamanzi oveliswa ngexesha lokunyibilikisa yimveliso ephambili ekhutshwa yimpompo. Ukuba lomphunga ungena ngqo kwimpompo, unokuxinana ngaphakathi, uxutywe neoyile yempompo (kwiimodeli ezifakwe ioyile) ukwenza ii-emulsions ezitshabalalisa ukuthambisa, zibangele ukugqwala, kwaye zikhawulezise ukuguguleka. Kwiinkqubo zempompo eyomileyo, ukufuma okugqithisileyo kunokukhokelela ekugqwaleni kwangaphakathi kunye nokuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma. Ngaphezu koko, le nkqubo inokungenisa izinto ezincinci okanye ii-trace volatile organic compounds ezivela kwimveliso ngokwayo, ezinokungcolisa ngakumbi kwaye zonakalise izinto zangaphakathi ezinobuthathaka ezifana nee-rotors, ii-vanes, kunye neebheringi. Ungcoliseko olunjalo alugcini nje ngokubeka emngciphekweni ukusebenza kwempompo—okukhokelela ekunciphiseni amanqanaba e-vacuum, ukwanda kokusetyenziswa kwamandla, kunye nobushushu obuphezulu bokusebenza—kodwa lukwabeka umngcipheko ngqo kukhuseleko lwemveliso kunye nomgangatho. Izinto ezingcolisayo ezibuyela umva kwimpompo ebuthathaka ziye kwigumbi lenkqubo ziyinto ebalulekileyo.
Ngoko ke, ukudibanisa inkqubo yokucoca nokwahlula eqinileyo akusiyonto nje yokuphucula kodwa yimfuneko esisiseko yokusebenza okuthembekileyo kokomisa ngokukhenkceza. Isihluzi sepompo ye-vacuum esichazwe kakuhle, esihlala sifakwe kwindawo yokungena yepompo, sisebenza njengomqobo wokukhusela. Izisombululo zokucoca zanamhlanje zale sicelo zihlala zidibanisa ubuchwepheshe obahlukeneyo:isahluli segesi-ulweloukubamba nokuqinisa umphunga wamanzi ngaphambi kokuba ufike kwipompo;isihluzi sokungenaukususa naziphi na izikhonkwane eziqinileyo; kwaye ngamanye amaxesha i-adsorber yeekhemikhali (njengebhedi yekhabhoni esebenzayo) yokubamba iioyile okanye izinto eziphilayo eziguquguqukayo. Kwiimpompo ezivalwe ngeoyile,isihluzi sokukhupha umoyaKubalulekile nokususa inkungu yeoyile kwi-exhaust, ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kokusingqongileyo kunye nokhuseleko kwindawo yokusebenza.
Olu khuseleko lupheleleyo luzisa iingenelo ezinkulu. Luyandisa kakhulu ixesha lokugcinwa kunye nobomi benkonzo yepompo yokufunxa, lunciphisa iindleko zizonke zobunini. Luqinisekisa ukusebenza rhoqo kwepompo yokufunxa ukuze komeke ngendlela efanayo nefanelekileyo. Okubaluleke kakhulu, lusebenza njengendawo ebalulekileyo yokulawula umgangatho kunye nokhuseleko lwemveliso, luthintela ukungcoliswa okunokwenzeka kwaye luqinisekisa ubunyulu beziqhamo kunye nemifuno eyomisiweyo ngokuqandisa. Ngokukhusela ipompo yokufunxa kwiimeko ezinzima zenkqubo, isihluzi sikhusela eyona nto iphambili kwitekhnoloji yokufunxa, okwenza abavelisi bakwazi ukuhambisa iimveliso ezikumgangatho ophezulu ngokuthembekileyo nangokufanelekileyo.
Ixesha leposi: Jan-08-2026
