Isembozo somswakama, inqubo yokufakwa komusi ongokoqobo (i-PVD), sincike kakhulu kubuchwepheshe bokuthuthwa kwendle. Iphampu yokuthuthwa kwendle akuyona nje idivayisi ewusizo kodwa iyitshe legumbi elivumela yonke inqubo ngokudala nokugcina indawo elawulwa kakhulu yama-molecule. Umsebenzi wayo udlulela ngale kokususwa komoya okulula, usungula izimo zomzimba eziqondile ezidingekayo ukuze kufakwe amafilimu amancane asebenzayo asezingeni eliphezulu.
Isizathu esiyinhloko sokudinga i-vacuum ephezulu ukuqinisekisa ukuhamba okuqondile kwezinhlayiya ezihwamukile. Lapho kunomfutho womoya, ubuningi obukhulu bama-molecule egesi bubangela ukushayisana okusheshayo nokungahleliwe, kusakaze izinto zokumboza. Ngaphansi kwe-vacuum ephezulu (ngokuvamile kusuka ku-10⁻⁴ kuya ku-10⁻⁶ mbar), indlela ephakathi nendawo yamahhala yama-athomu noma ama-molecule ahwamukile iyanda kakhulu ibe amamitha amaningana, okuwavumela ukuthi ahambe ngqo esuka emthonjeni aye ku-substrate. Lokhu kwenza kube lula ukulawula ngokunembile ubukhulu befilimu, ukufana, kanye nokwakheka kwayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo ene-vacuum ephezulu ivimbela i-oxidation kanye nokungcola. Iningi lezinsimbi (isb., i-aluminium, i-chromium) kanye nama-compounds asabela kakhulu emazingeni okushisa okuhwamuka. Ukususwa cishe kwamagesi asabelayo njengomoya-mpilo kanye nomhwamuko wamanzi kuqinisekisa ukufakwa kwezinto esimweni sazo esimsulwa, sensimbi, okubalulekile ekufinyeleleni izakhiwo ezithile ze-optical, kagesi, noma ze-mechanical ekwakhiweni kokugcina. Le ndawo iphinde inikeze indawo ehlanzekile ye-substrate ngokususa ukungcola, okubalulekile ekunamatheleni okuqinile kwefilimu.
Uhlelo lwephampu ye-vacuum lusebenza njengonjiniyela wezemvelo. Kumelwe lusheshe lumise ingcindezi eyisisekelo edingekayo, lugcine ukuzinza ngokususa igesi ephuma ezintweni nasezintweni ezisetshenziswayo, futhi luphathe imikhiqizo elandelanayo ezinqubweni ezisebenzayo. Lokhu kuzinza kuyisihluthulelo sekhwalithi yokukhiqiza ehambisanayo.
Isidingo esibalulekile sokuhlunga sivela ekuvikeleni lolu hlelo olunembile. Inqubo yokumboza ngokwayo ingakhiqiza izinto ezincane, amaconsi achithekile, noma umusi ovundayo. Ngaphandle kokufaneleka okufanele.isihlungi sokungena, lezi zinto ezingcolisayo zingadonselwa emuva ku-vacuum pump. Lokhu kuholela ekugugeni okukhulu kuma-rotor nama-blades, ukungcoliswa kukawoyela wepompo (ezinhlelweni ezivalwe ngowoyela), kanye nokuwohloka kancane kancane kwesivinini sokupompa kanye ne-vacuum yokugcina. Ekugcineni, lokhu kuphazamisa ukuzinza kwenqubo, kufinyeza impilo yesevisi yepompo, futhi kwandisa izindleko zokulungisa. Ngakho-ke, ukufaka izihlungi ezifanele—njengezihlungi zezinhlayiya, izicupho zama-molecule, noma izicupho ezibandayo—akuyona into ongayikhetha kodwa kuyindlela ebalulekile yokuvikela ipompo yepompo, ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yokumboza ehambisanayo, kanye nokuvikela isikhathi sokusebenza kokukhiqiza.
Sekukonke, amaphampu e-vacuum avumela ukumbozwa kokuhwamuka ngokuhlinzeka ngendawo ehlanzekile, engangcolisiwe, nelawulwayo yokuthuthwa kwezinto kanye nokwakheka kwefilimu. Ukuhlanganisa leli khono nesu lokuhlunga eliqinile kubalulekile ukuze kufezwe ukukhiqizwa kwefilimu encane okuthembekile, okusebenzayo kakhulu, futhi okonga imali.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Disemba-25-2025
