Imboni yokomisa izithelo nemifino eqandisiwe ivele njengomkhakha obalulekile ekucutshungulweni kokudla kwesimanje, ozinikele ekuguquleni umkhiqizo obolayo ube imikhiqizo eqinile, egcwele izakhamzimba. Le nqubo ihilela ukususa umswakama ezithelweni nasemifino eqandisiwe ngokusebenzisa i-lyophilization—eyaziwa ngokuthi ukomisa eqandisini—ukuze yandise kakhulu isikhathi sayo sokuphila eshalofini ngenkathi igcina ngokucophelela umbala wayo wokuqala, ukunambitheka, iphrofayili yokudla okunempilo, kanye nesakhiwo sayo somzimba. Ngokulondoloza lezi zimfanelo ezibalulekile, imikhiqizo eyomisiwe eqandisini ihlangabezana nesidingo esikhulayo sabathengi sezinketho zokudla ezilula kodwa ezinempilo, ukuthola ukusetshenziswa kokudla okulula, ukudla okulungele ukudliwa, izithako zokudla, kanye nezinhlelo zokuhlola isikhala.
Inhliziyo yenqubo yokomisa ngeqhwa itholakala ubuchwepheshe be-vacuum. Inqubo iqala ngokuqandisa ngokushesha umkhiqizo omusha ukuze kuqiniswe okuqukethwe kwamanzi kube amakristalu eqhwa. Izinto eziqandisiwe zibe sezidluliselwa ekamelweni le-vacuum. Lapha, iphampu ye-vacuum yenza indima yayo ebalulekile: ikhipha umoya namagesi ukuze idale futhi igcine indawo ejulile ye-vacuum. Ngaphansi kwalesi simo sokucindezela okuphansi okulawulwa ngokucophelela, isimiso se-sublimation siyasetshenziswa. Amakristalu eqhwa ekudleni awancibiliki abe ngamanzi aketshezi kodwa aguquka ngqo kusuka esimweni sawo esiqinile abe umhwamuko wamanzi. Lokhu kushintsha kwesigaba esiqondile kubalulekile. Ngenxa yokuthi amanzi asuswa ngesimo somhwamuko ngaphandle kokudlula esigabeni soketshezi, avimbela ukufuduka kwezakhamzimba ezincibilikayo, anciphise ukuwohloka kwesakhiwo, futhi agweme ukusabela kokuwohloka okuvame ukwenzeka ngesikhathi sokomisa okuvamile kokushisa. Ngenxa yalokho, ukwakheka kwamaseli ezithelo noma imifino kuhlala kuphelele, okuholela kumkhiqizo wokugcina onezimbobo, olula ophinda umanzi kalula.
Ukusebenza kahle kanye nempumelelo yalesi sigaba sokunciphisa umswakama kuncike kakhulu ekusebenzeni nasekuthembekeni kohlelo lokuhlanza umswakama. Iphampu yokuhlanza umswakama kumele ifinyelele futhi igcine ibanga elithile lokucindezela—ngokuvamile eliphakathi kuka-0.1 no-1 mbar—elifanele kakhulu i-ice sublimation emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Noma yikuphi ukuphambuka noma ukungazinzi kuleli zinga lokuhlanza umswakama kungaphazamisa i-sublimation kinetics, okuholela ekomeni okungalingani, izikhathi zomjikelezo ezinde, noma ngisho nokuncibilika kancane, okuphazamisa ubuqotho bomkhiqizo.
Kodwa-ke, indawo yokusebenza ibeka izinselele ezinkulu kupompo ye-vacuum. Ubuningi obukhulu bomusi wamanzi okhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokufakwa kwe-sublimation yiwona umkhiqizo oyinhloko okhishwa yipompo. Uma lomusi ungena ngqo epompo, ungajiya ngaphakathi, uxubane namafutha epompo (kumamodeli agcotshwe ngamafutha) ukuze kwakheke ama-emulsion angcolisa ukugcotshwa, abangele ukugqwala, futhi asheshise ukuguguleka. Ezinhlelweni zepompo ezomile, umswakama owedlulele ungaholela ekugqwaleni kwangaphakathi kanye nokuqongelela kwemfucuza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inqubo ingase ingenise izinto ezincane noma ama-trace volatile organic compounds avela emkhiqizweni ngokwawo, okungangcolisa futhi kulimaze izingxenye zangaphakathi ezizwelayo njenge-rotors, i-vanes, nama-bearings. Ukungcola okunjalo akugcini nje ngokubeka engcupheni ukusebenza kwepompo—okuholela emazingeni aphansi e-vacuum, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla okwandisiwe, kanye namazinga okushisa aphezulu okusebenza—kodwa futhi kubeka ingozi eqondile ekuphepheni komkhiqizo kanye nekhwalithi. Izinto ezingcolisayo ezibuyela emuva kusuka epomponi ethintekile ziye ekamelweni lenqubo ziyinkinga ebalulekile.
Ngakho-ke, ukuhlanganisa uhlelo lokuhlunga nokuhlukanisa oluqinile akuyona nje into yokuthuthukisa kodwa kuyimfuneko eyisisekelo yokusebenza okomisa okuqandisayo okuthembekile. Isihlungi sephampu ye-vacuum esichazwe kahle, esivame ukufakwa endaweni yokungena yephampu, sisebenza njengesivikelo esivikelayo. Izixazululo zokuhlunga zesimanje zalolu hlelo zivame ukuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obuningana: aisihlukanisi segesi noketsheziukubamba nokuqinisa ingxenye enkulu yomhwamuko wamanzi ngaphambi kokuba ufike epompo;isihlungi sokungenaukususa noma yiziphi izinhlawulo eziqinile; futhi ngezinye izikhathi i-adsorber yamakhemikhali (njengombhede wekhabhoni osebenzayo) yokubamba uwoyela noma izinto eziphilayo eziguquguqukayo. Kumaphampu avaliwe ngowoyela,isihlungi sokukhipha ugesiKubalulekile futhi ukuqeda inkungu kawoyela emgqonyeni wokukhipha udoti, ukuqinisekisa ukuthobela imithetho yemvelo kanye nokuphepha emsebenzini.
Lokhu kuvikelwa okuphelele kuletha izinzuzo ezinkulu. Kwandisa kakhulu izikhawu zokugcinwa kanye nempilo yesevisi yephampu yokuhlanza, kunciphisa izindleko eziphelele zobunikazi. Kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwe-vacuum okuqhubekayo kwemijikelezo yokomisa efanayo nephumelelayo. Okubaluleke kakhulu, kusebenza njengendawo yokulawula ebalulekile yekhwalithi nokuphepha komkhiqizo, kuvimbela ukungcoliswa okungenzeka futhi kuqinisekise ubumsulwa bezithelo nemifino eyomisiwe eqandisiwe. Ngokuvikela iphampu yokuhlanza ezimweni ezinzima zenqubo, isihlungi sivikela umongo wobuchwepheshe bokuhlanza eqandisini, okwenza abakhiqizi bakwazi ukuletha imikhiqizo engcono kakhulu ngokwethembeka nangokusebenza kahle.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-08-2026
